{"id":1831,"date":"2025-03-17T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/?p=1831"},"modified":"2025-03-11T14:30:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T14:30:15","slug":"la-apologia-de-socrates-platon-version-adaptada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/la-apologia-de-socrates-platon-version-adaptada\/","title":{"rendered":"La apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates – Plat\u00f3n. Versi\u00f3n adaptada"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introducci\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El presente texto es una adaptaci\u00f3n hecha por m\u00ed del di\u00e1logo plat\u00f3nico Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates<\/em>. Se trata de uno de los textos trabajados en la primera situaci\u00f3n de aprendizaje: M\u00e9todos filos\u00f3ficos y el enigma de la conciencia<\/a>. Los contenidos para entender mejor este texto se encuentran en…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Buenos d\u00edas atenienses. Estoy aqu\u00ed presente ante vosotros porque me han acusado Meleto, \u00c1nito y Lic\u00f3n; Meleto, irritado en nombre de los poetas; \u00c1nito, en el de los demiurgos y de los pol\u00edticos; y Lic\u00f3n, en el de los oradores. De las muchas mentiras que han urdido, una me caus\u00f3 especial extra\u00f1eza, aquella en la que dec\u00edan que ten\u00edais que precaveros de ser enga\u00f1ados por m\u00ed porque, dicen ellos, soy h\u00e1bil para hablar. Pues, si es eso lo que dicen, yo estar\u00eda de acuerdo en que soy orador, pero no al modo de ellos. En efecto, como digo, \u00e9stos han dicho poco o nada verdadero. En cambio, vosotros vais a o\u00edr de m\u00ed toda la verdad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os pido, atenienses, que me permit\u00e1is expresarme a mi manera y pong\u00e1is atenci\u00f3n solamente a si digo cosas justas o no. \u00c9ste es el deber de los jueces, el del orador consiste en decir la verdad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recojamos, pues, desde el comienzo cu\u00e1l es la acusaci\u00f3n por la que Meleto ha presentado una acusaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica: \u201cS\u00f3crates comete delito y se mete en lo que no debe al investigar las cosas celestes, al hacer fuerte el argumento m\u00e1s d\u00e9bil y al ense\u00f1ar estas mismas cosas a otros\u201d. <\/em>Tambi\u00e9n se me acusa de lo siguiente: \u201cS\u00f3crates delinque corrompiendo a los j\u00f3venes y no creyendo en los dioses en los que la ciudad cree, sino en otras divinidades nuevas<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puedo afirmar que se trata de una tergiversaci\u00f3n. Quiz\u00e1 alguno de vosotros objetar\u00eda: \u201cPero, S\u00f3crates, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es tu situaci\u00f3n, de d\u00f3nde han nacido esas tergiversaciones? Atenienses, estas calumnias se deben a que he adquirido cierta sabidur\u00eda. \u00bfQu\u00e9 sabidur\u00eda es \u00e9sa? De mi sabidur\u00eda, si hay alguna y cu\u00e1l es, os voy a presentar como testigo al dios que est\u00e1 en Delfos. Conoc\u00e9is a mi amigo Querefonte. Pues bien, una vez fue a Delfos y tuvo la audacia de preguntar al or\u00e1culo si hab\u00eda alguien m\u00e1s sabio que yo. La Pitia le respondi\u00f3 que nadie era m\u00e1s sabio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tras o\u00edr yo estas palabras reflexionaba as\u00ed: \u201c\u00bfQu\u00e9 dice realmente el dios y qu\u00e9 indica en enigma? Yo tengo conciencia de que no soy sabio. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es lo que realmente dice al afirmar que yo soy muy sabio? Sin duda no miente, no le es l\u00edcito\u201d. Y durante mucho tiempo estuve yo confuso sobre lo que en verdad quer\u00eda decir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me dirig\u00ed a uno de los que parec\u00edan ser sabios, en la idea de que, si en alguna parte era posible, all\u00ed refutar\u00eda el vaticinio. Al examinar a este, que era un pol\u00edtico, me percat\u00e9 de que otras muchas personas cre\u00edan que ese hombre era sabio y, especialmente, \u00e9l cre\u00eda lo mismo. Pero no lo era. A continuaci\u00f3n, intent\u00e9 yo demostrarle que cre\u00eda ser sabio, pero no lo era. Con esto me gan\u00e9 la enemistad con \u00e9l. Es probable que ni uno ni otro sepamos nada que tenga valor, pero este hombre cree saber algo y no lo sabe, en cambio yo, as\u00ed como, en efecto, no s\u00e9, tampoco creo saber. Parece, pues, que al menos soy m\u00e1s sabio que \u00e9l en esta misma peque\u00f1ez, en que lo que no s\u00e9 tampoco creo saberlo. A continuaci\u00f3n, me encamin\u00e9 hacia otro de los que parec\u00edan ser sabios y saqu\u00e9 la misma impresi\u00f3n, y tambi\u00e9n en este caso me gan\u00e9 la enemistad de \u00e9l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tras los pol\u00edticos me encamin\u00e9 hacia los poetas y dramaturgos, en la idea de que all\u00ed me encontrar\u00eda con gente menos ignorante que yo. Pero tambi\u00e9n respecto de los poetas me di cuenta que no hac\u00edan por sabidur\u00eda lo que hac\u00edan, sino por ciertas dotes naturales. En efecto, dicen muchas cosas hermosas, pero no saben nada de lo que dicen. Tambi\u00e9n en este caso me gan\u00e9 su enemistad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En \u00faltimo lugar, me encamin\u00e9 hacia los artesanos. Sab\u00edan cosas que yo no sab\u00eda. Pero, atenienses, me pareci\u00f3 a m\u00ed que tambi\u00e9n los buenos artesanos ca\u00edan en el mismo error que los poetas: por el hecho de que realizaban adecuadamente su arte, cada uno de ellos estimaba que era muy sabio tambi\u00e9n respecto de otras cosas, incluso las m\u00e1s importantes, las relativas a los dioses, y ese error cegaba su sabidur\u00eda. Tambi\u00e9n en este caso me gan\u00e9 su enemistad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A causa de esta investigaci\u00f3n, atenienses, me he creado muchas enemistades, de tal modo que de ellas han surgido muchas tergiversaciones. Se a\u00f1ade a esto que los j\u00f3venes me acompa\u00f1an espont\u00e1neamente, se divierten oy\u00e9ndome examinar a los hombres y, con frecuencia, me imitan e intentan examinar a otros, y, naturalmente, encuentran gran cantidad de hombres que creen saber algo pero que saben poco o nada. Cuando alguien les pregunta qu\u00e9 hacen y qu\u00e9 ense\u00f1an, no pueden decir nada, pues lo ignoran. Los hombres examinados, para no dar la impresi\u00f3n de que est\u00e1n confusos, dicen lo que es usual contra todos los que filosofan, es decir: \u201cexaminan las cosas del cielo y lo que est\u00e1 bajo la tierra\u201d, \u201cno creen en los dioses\u201d, y \u201chacen m\u00e1s fuerte el argumento m\u00e1s d\u00e9bil\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quiz\u00e1 alguien diga: \u201c\u00bfNo te da verg\u00fcenza, S\u00f3crates, haberte dedicado a una ocupaci\u00f3n por la que ahora corres peligro de morir?\u201d. Pero no tienes raz\u00f3n, amigo, si crees que un hombre debe preocuparse de morir o no y no de examinar, al obrar, si hace cosas justas o injustas y actos propios de un hombre bueno o de un hombre malo. Adem\u00e1s de ello, temer a la muerte no es propio de alguien sabio. El sabio reconoce no saber nada de la muerte. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 temer algo que ignoro? \u00bfAcaso no es igual de posible que tras la muerte haya algo temible o algo maravilloso? Yo lo ignoro y, justamente por eso, no temo a la muerte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si quedase en libertad, no cambiar\u00eda mi comportamiento. Seguir\u00e9 interrogando, examinando y refutando. Har\u00e9 esto con todo el que me encuentre, joven o viejo, forastero o ciudadano. Dejadme o no en libertad, que no voy a hacer otra cosa, aunque hubiera de morir muchas veces. Sabed bien que, si me conden\u00e1is a muerte, siendo yo quien digo que soy, no me da\u00f1ar\u00e9is a m\u00ed m\u00e1s que a vosotros mismos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plat\u00f3n. Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Introducci\u00f3n El presente texto es una adaptaci\u00f3n hecha por m\u00ed del di\u00e1logo plat\u00f3nico Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates. Se trata de uno de los textos trabajados en la primera situaci\u00f3n de aprendizaje: M\u00e9todos filos\u00f3ficos y el enigma de la conciencia. Los contenidos para entender mejor este texto se encuentran en… Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates Buenos d\u00edas atenienses. Estoy […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":990,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"iawp_total_views":30,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nLa apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates - Plat\u00f3n. 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