{"id":2459,"date":"2025-06-27T11:12:11","date_gmt":"2025-06-27T11:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/?p=2459"},"modified":"2025-06-27T12:35:36","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T12:35:36","slug":"la-logica-informal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/la-logica-informal\/","title":{"rendered":"La l\u00f2gica informal"},"content":{"rendered":"
Portada<\/a><\/span> \u00bb Filosofia (1r BACH)<\/a><\/span> \u00bb SA5<\/a><\/span> \u00bb La l\u00f2gica informal<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n

Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la l\u00f2gica informal?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La l\u00f2gica informal \u00e9s una disciplina que s'ocupa de l'an\u00e0lisi, l'avaluaci\u00f3 i la construcci\u00f3 d'arguments en contextos no formals, \u00e9s a dir, fora de l'\u00e0mbit de la l\u00f2gica simb\u00f2lica o matem\u00e0tica. El seu camp d'estudi abasta els raonaments tal com apareixen a la vida quotidiana, als mitjans de comunicaci\u00f3, a la pol\u00edtica, a la filosofia oa qualsevol altre \u00e0mbit del discurs natural. Se centra a detectar errors comuns de raonament (fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies), avaluar la solidesa dels arguments i promoure un pensament cr\u00edtic que permeti distingir entre bones i males raons per sostenir una afirmaci\u00f3. A difer\u00e8ncia de la l\u00f2gica formal, que es basa en regles estrictes d'infer\u00e8ncia simb\u00f2lica, la l\u00f2gica informal tamb\u00e9 considera factors com el llenguatge, el context, l'ambig\u00fcitat o la intenci\u00f3 comunicativa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Argumentaci\u00f3 quotidiana vs. argumentaci\u00f3 filos\u00f2fica<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L'argumentaci\u00f3 quotidiana sol ser m\u00e9s flexible, amb un \u00fas informal del llenguatge i amb una forta c\u00e0rrega emocional o contextual. En canvi, l'argumentaci\u00f3 filos\u00f2fica es caracteritza pel rigor l\u00f2gic, la claredat conceptual i la recerca de fonaments universals. Aquesta distinci\u00f3 permet a l'alumnat recon\u00e8ixer quan un argument necessita una revisi\u00f3 m\u00e9s exigent i quan \u00e9s acceptable en contextos m\u00e9s informals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estructura b\u00e0sica d'un argument<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Un argument est\u00e0 compost, com a m\u00ednim, per una o diverses premisses i una conclusi\u00f3. L'an\u00e0lisi de la seva estructura b\u00e0sica ajuda a avaluar-ne la coher\u00e8ncia i la for\u00e7a l\u00f2gica. En filosofia, aquesta estructura pot ser expl\u00edcita (en forma de sil\u00b7logisme) o impl\u00edcita (quan cal reconstruir el raonament subjacent). Treballar amb estructures argumentatives clares afavoreix la comprensi\u00f3 de textos complexos i el desenvolupament de les habilitats de pensament cr\u00edtic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\u00e0lisi d'arguments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Un argument \u00e9s un conjunt d'afirmacions connectades entre si de tal manera que unes (les premisses) ofereixen raons per acceptar-ne una altra (la conclusi\u00f3). Els arguments s\u00f3n presents a tots els \u00e0mbits de la vida: des de la justificaci\u00f3 d'una opini\u00f3 en una conversa informal fins a la defensa d'una tesi en un text filos\u00f2fic. Analitzar arguments implica avaluar-ne la validesa, identificar-ne els components i construir raonaments s\u00f2lids i coherents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Validesa, consist\u00e8ncia i contradicci\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La validesa \u00e9s una propietat formal dels arguments que garanteix que si les premisses s\u00f3n vertaderes, la conclusi\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 ho ser\u00e0 necess\u00e0riament. Un argument v\u00e0lid pot tenir premisses falses, per\u00f2 no pot portar premisses veritables a una conclusi\u00f3 falsa. La consist\u00e8ncia, per la seva banda, fa refer\u00e8ncia a la compatibilitat interna entre proposicions: un conjunt d'afirmacions \u00e9s consistent si no es contradiuen entre si. La contradicci\u00f3 apareix quan dues o m\u00e9s afirmacions no poden ser veritables alhora. Comprendre aquestes nocions \u00e9s fonamental per avaluar la solidesa dun raonament filos\u00f2fic o quotidi\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Identificaci\u00f3 de premisses i conclusi\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tot argument est\u00e0 compost per almenys una premissa i una conclusi\u00f3. Les premisses s\u00f3n les afirmacions que proporcionen suport o justificaci\u00f3 per acceptar-ne la conclusi\u00f3. A la pr\u00e0ctica argumentativa, saber identificar clarament aquestes parts permet analitzar si l'argument \u00e9s s\u00f2lid i rellevant. Aquesta habilitat \u00e9s especialment \u00fatil en la lectura de textos filos\u00f2fics i en els debats, on sovint les premisses no s'enuncien de manera expl\u00edcita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Construcci\u00f3 d'arguments v\u00e0lids<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Construir arguments v\u00e0lids implica formular raonaments on la conclusi\u00f3 es derivi l\u00f2gicament de les premisses. Per aix\u00f2, cal utilitzar estructures l\u00f2giques v\u00e0lides (com el modus ponens o el modus tollens) i evitar errors de raonament. Aquesta compet\u00e8ncia \u00e9s essencial no nom\u00e9s en l'\u00e0mbit filos\u00f2fic, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 a la vida quotidiana, ja que permet fonamentar opinions, prendre decisions informades i participar en di\u00e0legs racionals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies s\u00f3n errors de raonament que poden fer semblar v\u00e0lids arguments que no ho s\u00f3n. Recon\u00e8ixer-les permet evitar manipulacions, prejudicis i biaixos, i \u00e9s clau per desenvolupar un pensament cr\u00edtic. A la pr\u00e0ctica filos\u00f2fica ia la vida quotidiana, identificar aquestes formes defectuoses d'argumentaci\u00f3 ajuda a avaluar millor la qualitat dels discursos que rebem i produ\u00efm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipus de fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Ad hominem<\/strong>: aquesta fal\u00b7l\u00e0cia consisteix a atacar la persona que emet un argument en lloc de refutar el contingut de l'argument mateix. En lloc de respondre amb raons, es desqualifica l'interlocutor. \u00c9s una fal\u00b7l\u00e0cia molt comuna en discussions emocionals o medi\u00e0tiques. Exemple: \u00abNo haur\u00edem d'escoltar Joan sobre \u00e8tica, perqu\u00e8 ha mentit en el passat\u00bb. Aqu\u00ed s'ataca la credibilitat de Joan en comptes d'avaluar-ne els arguments \u00e8tics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Falsa causa (post hoc ergo propter hoc)<\/strong>: es comet quan s'assumeix una relaci\u00f3 causal entre dos esdeveniments simplement perqu\u00e8 un passa despr\u00e9s de l'altre. Aquesta fal\u00b7l\u00e0cia ignora la possibilitat que hi hagi altres causes o que la relaci\u00f3 sigui nom\u00e9s una coincid\u00e8ncia. Exemple: \u00abDes que utilitzo aquesta polsera, tinc m\u00e9s sort\u00bb. La sort no es pot atribuir amb fonament a la polsera nom\u00e9s per una correlaci\u00f3 temporal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Fals dilema (falsa dicotomia)<\/strong>: consisteix a presentar dues opcions com si fossin les \u00faniques possibles, quan en realitat poden existir moltes m\u00e9s alternatives. \u00c9s una estrat\u00e8gia que simplifica indegudament el problema i pot for\u00e7ar l'interlocutor a escollir entre extrems. Exemple: \u00abO ets amb nosaltres o ets contra nosaltres\u00bb. Aquesta formulaci\u00f3 ignora posicions interm\u00e8dies o cr\u00edtiques constructives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Pendent relliscosa<\/strong>: aquesta fal\u00b7l\u00e0cia afirma que permetre un pas portar\u00e0 inevitablement a una cadena d'esdeveniments indesitjables, sense justificar adequadament la connexi\u00f3 entre ells. S'utilitza per generar por o rebuig davant d'una proposta. Exemple: \u00abSi legalitzem l'eutan\u00e0sia, aviat es permetr\u00e0 matar qualsevol que sigui una c\u00e0rrega\u00bb. L'argument pressuposa una escalada inevitable i catastr\u00f2fica sense proves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Petici\u00f3 de principi (cercle vici\u00f3s)<\/strong>: es produeix quan la conclusi\u00f3 de l'argument est\u00e0 impl\u00edcita a les premisses, de manera que es d\u00f3na per provat all\u00f2 que s'intenta demostrar. Aquesta fal\u00b7l\u00e0cia d\u00f3na una aparen\u00e7a de raonament quan en realitat s'est\u00e0 repetint la mateixa idea. Exemple: \u00abD\u00e9u existeix perqu\u00e8 ho diu la B\u00edblia, i la B\u00edblia \u00e9s veritable perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s paraula de D\u00e9u\u00bb. Aqu\u00ed es pressuposa la veracitat de la B\u00edblia per provar lexist\u00e8ncia de D\u00e9u, i viceversa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Estrat\u00e8gies per a la detecci\u00f3 de fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Desenvolupar una actitud cr\u00edtica davant dels arguments rebuts implica adoptar certes estrat\u00e8gies que permeten detectar raonaments defectuosos i evitar ser v\u00edctimes de manipulaci\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Examinar si les premisses s\u00f3n veritables i rellevants<\/strong>: Un argument pot estar ben estructurat per\u00f2 recolzar-se en afirmacions falses o irrellevants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Analitzar si la conclusi\u00f3 se segueix l\u00f2gicament de les premisses<\/strong>: Avaluar la connexi\u00f3 entre les idees i si la conclusi\u00f3 realment est\u00e0 recolzada.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Avaluar el llenguatge utilitzat<\/strong>: Detectar ambig\u00fcitats, exageracions o apel\u00b7lacions emocionals que puguin desviar latenci\u00f3 del contingut argumentatiu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Comparar amb fal\u00b7l\u00e0cies conegudes<\/strong>: Recon\u00e9ixer patrons fal\u00b7la\u00e7os ja estudiats (com les descrites a l'apartat anterior) permet identificar-los amb m\u00e9s rapidesa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Aplicar el principi de caritat<\/strong>: Interpretar els arguments aliens de la manera m\u00e9s raonable possible abans de criticar-los, evitant caure en caricatures o simplificacions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la l\u00f3gica informal? La l\u00f3gica informal es una disciplina que se ocupa del an\u00e1lisis, evaluaci\u00f3n y construcci\u00f3n de argumentos en contextos no formales, es decir, fuera del \u00e1mbito de la l\u00f3gica simb\u00f3lica o matem\u00e1tica. Su campo de estudio abarca los razonamientos tal como aparecen en la vida cotidiana, en los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"iawp_total_views":484,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[469],"tags":[468],"class_list":["post-2459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sa5","tag-contenidos-sa5"],"yoast_head":"\nLa l\u00f3gica informal - La Palabra Razonada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/la-logica-informal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La l\u00f3gica informal - La Palabra Razonada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la l\u00f3gica informal? La l\u00f3gica informal es una disciplina que se ocupa del an\u00e1lisis, evaluaci\u00f3n y construcci\u00f3n de argumentos en contextos no formales, es decir, fuera del \u00e1mbito de la l\u00f3gica simb\u00f3lica o matem\u00e1tica. Su campo de estudio abarca los razonamientos tal como aparecen en la vida cotidiana, en los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n, […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/la-logica-informal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"La Palabra Razonada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-27T11:12:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-27T12:35:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-informal.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"950\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"475\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rubenlapalabrarazonada\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rubenlapalabrarazonada\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"rubenlapalabrarazonada\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/59cb6b1b24076cf9ee7cb9ef6ba58a3f\"},\"headline\":\"La l\u00f3gica informal\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-27T11:12:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-27T12:35:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1241,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6b14849be31992f9af8248d92551481c\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logica-informal.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Contenidos SA5\"],\"articleSection\":[\"SA5\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/\",\"name\":\"La l\u00f3gica informal - La Palabra Razonada\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logica-informal.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-27T11:12:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-27T12:35:36+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logica-informal.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logica-informal.jpg\",\"width\":950,\"height\":475},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/la-logica-informal\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Filosof\u00eda (1\u00ba BACH)\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/category\\\/filosofia-1o-bach\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"SA5\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/category\\\/filosofia-1o-bach\\\/sa5\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"La l\u00f3gica informal\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/\",\"name\":\"La Palabra Razonada\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6b14849be31992f9af8248d92551481c\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6b14849be31992f9af8248d92551481c\",\"name\":\"La Palabra Razonada\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/cropped-Designer-1.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/cropped-Designer-1.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/cropped-Designer-1.jpeg\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"La Palabra Razonada\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/cropped-Designer-1.jpeg\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lapalabrarazonada.es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/59cb6b1b24076cf9ee7cb9ef6ba58a3f\",\"name\":\"rubenlapalabrarazonada\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c422be2cea783fae733c5b6d3cfd5e4b8282277b3f5e82d14ab306778b6f16a0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c422be2cea783fae733c5b6d3cfd5e4b8282277b3f5e82d14ab306778b6f16a0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c422be2cea783fae733c5b6d3cfd5e4b8282277b3f5e82d14ab306778b6f16a0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"rubenlapalabrarazonada\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"La l\u00f3gica informal - La Palabra Razonada","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/la-logica-informal\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"La l\u00f3gica informal - La Palabra Razonada","og_description":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la l\u00f3gica informal? La l\u00f3gica informal es una disciplina que se ocupa del an\u00e1lisis, evaluaci\u00f3n y construcci\u00f3n de argumentos en contextos no formales, es decir, fuera del \u00e1mbito de la l\u00f3gica simb\u00f3lica o matem\u00e1tica. Su campo de estudio abarca los razonamientos tal como aparecen en la vida cotidiana, en los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n, […]","og_url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/la-logica-informal\/","og_site_name":"La Palabra Razonada","article_published_time":"2025-06-27T11:12:11+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-06-27T12:35:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":950,"height":475,"url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-informal.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"rubenlapalabrarazonada","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrit per":"rubenlapalabrarazonada","Temps estimat de lectura":"6 minuts"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/"},"author":{"name":"rubenlapalabrarazonada","@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/#\/schema\/person\/59cb6b1b24076cf9ee7cb9ef6ba58a3f"},"headline":"La l\u00f3gica informal","datePublished":"2025-06-27T11:12:11+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-27T12:35:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/"},"wordCount":1241,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/#\/schema\/person\/6b14849be31992f9af8248d92551481c"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-informal.jpg","keywords":["Contenidos SA5"],"articleSection":["SA5"],"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/","url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/","name":"La l\u00f3gica informal - La Palabra Razonada","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-informal.jpg","datePublished":"2025-06-27T11:12:11+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-27T12:35:36+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-informal.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-informal.jpg","width":950,"height":475},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/la-logica-informal\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Filosof\u00eda (1\u00ba BACH)","item":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/category\/filosofia-1o-bach\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"SA5","item":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/category\/filosofia-1o-bach\/sa5\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"La l\u00f3gica informal"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/#website","url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/","name":"La Paraula Raonada","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/#\/schema\/person\/6b14849be31992f9af8248d92551481c"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/#\/schema\/person\/6b14849be31992f9af8248d92551481c","name":"La Paraula Raonada","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-Designer-1.jpeg","url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-Designer-1.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-Designer-1.jpeg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"La Palabra Razonada"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-Designer-1.jpeg"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/#\/schema\/person\/59cb6b1b24076cf9ee7cb9ef6ba58a3f","name":"rubenlaparaularaonada","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c422be2cea783fae733c5b6d3cfd5e4b8282277b3f5e82d14ab306778b6f16a0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c422be2cea783fae733c5b6d3cfd5e4b8282277b3f5e82d14ab306778b6f16a0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c422be2cea783fae733c5b6d3cfd5e4b8282277b3f5e82d14ab306778b6f16a0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"rubenlapalabrarazonada"}}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-informal.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2472,"url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/actividad-de-formalizacion\/","url_meta":{"origin":2459,"position":0},"title":"Actividad de formalizaci\u00f3n","author":"rubenlapalabrarazonada","date":"juny 27, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Asignatura: Filosof\u00eda \u2013 1.\u00ba de BachilleratoSituaci\u00f3n de aprendizaje: SA5 \u2014 An\u00e1lisis de argumentos y l\u00f3gica informalNombre del alumno\/a: ___________________________Fecha: ______________ Objetivos de la actividad Aprender a traducir enunciados del lenguaje natural al lenguaje l\u00f3gico. Reconocer la estructura l\u00f3gica de razonamientos cotidianos. Utilizar los s\u00edmbolos l\u00f3gicos con correcci\u00f3n formal. S\u00edmbolos l\u00f3gicos\u2026","rel":"","context":"A "SA5"","block_context":{"text":"SA5","link":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/category\/filosofia-1o-bach\/sa5\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2455,"url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/la-logica-formal\/","url_meta":{"origin":2459,"position":1},"title":"La l\u00f2gica formal","author":"rubenlapalabrarazonada","date":"juny 27, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la l\u00f3gica? La l\u00f3gica es la disciplina filos\u00f3fica que estudia las reglas del pensamiento v\u00e1lido. Se ocupa de analizar c\u00f3mo razonamos, c\u00f3mo inferimos conclusiones a partir de premisas y c\u00f3mo podemos evitar errores o falacias en nuestras argumentaciones. En t\u00e9rminos generales, la l\u00f3gica busca responder a preguntas como:\u2026","rel":"","context":"A "SA5"","block_context":{"text":"SA5","link":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/category\/filosofia-1o-bach\/sa5\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-formal.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-formal.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-formal.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logica-formal.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2476,"url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/ejercicio-deduccion-natural-nivel-basico\/","url_meta":{"origin":2459,"position":2},"title":"Ejercicio: Deducci\u00f3n natural (nivel b\u00e1sico)","author":"rubenlapalabrarazonada","date":"juny 27, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Asignatura: Filosof\u00eda \u2013 1.\u00ba de BachilleratoSituaci\u00f3n de aprendizaje: SA5 \u2014 An\u00e1lisis de argumentos y l\u00f3gica informalNombre del alumno\/a: ___________________________Fecha: ______________ Objetivos Aplicar reglas b\u00e1sicas de inferencia de la l\u00f3gica proposicional. Practicar deducciones formales paso a paso. Desarrollar el razonamiento l\u00f3gico y la claridad en la argumentaci\u00f3n. Reglas que puedes utilizar\u2026","rel":"","context":"A "SA5"","block_context":{"text":"SA5","link":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/category\/filosofia-1o-bach\/sa5\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2468,"url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/ejercicio-tablas-de-verdad\/","url_meta":{"origin":2459,"position":3},"title":"Exercici: Taules de veritat","author":"rubenlapalabrarazonada","date":"juny 27, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Asignatura: Filosof\u00eda \u2013 1.\u00ba de BachilleratoSituaci\u00f3n de aprendizaje: SA5 \u2014 An\u00e1lisis de argumentos y l\u00f3gica informalNombre del alumno\/a: ___________________________Fecha: ______________ Objetivos de la actividad Comprender el funcionamiento de los operadores l\u00f3gicos. Elaborar correctamente tablas de verdad. Determinar si una proposici\u00f3n es una tautolog\u00eda, contradicci\u00f3n o contingencia. Recordatorio de los principales\u2026","rel":"","context":"A "SA5"","block_context":{"text":"SA5","link":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/category\/filosofia-1o-bach\/sa5\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":843,"url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/anselmo-de-canterbury-y-la-prueba-de-la-existencia-de-dios-el-argumento-ontologico\/","url_meta":{"origin":2459,"position":4},"title":"Anselm de Canterbury i la prova de l\u00b4exist\u00e8ncia de D\u00e9u: l\u00b4argument ontol\u00f2gic","author":"La Palabra Razonada","date":"gener 22, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Introducci\u00f3n Anselmo de Canterbury (1033-1109) es una de las figuras m\u00e1s importantes de la filosof\u00eda medieval. Como te\u00f3logo y arzobispo, busc\u00f3 reconciliar la fe cristiana con la raz\u00f3n, desarrollando argumentos filos\u00f3ficos que demostraran la existencia de Dios. Su argumento ontol\u00f3gico, presentado en la obra Proslogion, es considerado uno de los\u2026","rel":"","context":"A "Filosof\u00eda Medieval"","block_context":{"text":"Filosof\u00eda Medieval","link":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/category\/historia-de-la-filosofia\/filosofia-medieval\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Anselmo de Canterbury y el ontologismo","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/anselm-of-canterbury-0830c2-small.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":852,"url":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/kant-y-la-prueba-ontologica\/","url_meta":{"origin":2459,"position":5},"title":"Immanuel Kant i la seva refutaci\u00f3 de la prova ontol\u00f2gica","author":"La Palabra Razonada","date":"mar\u00e7 10, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Introducci\u00f3 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) \u00e9s un dels pensadors m\u00e9s influents en la hist\u00f2ria de la filosofia. A la seva obra monumental, Cr\u00edtica de la ra\u00f3 pura (1781), Kant s'enfronta a les principals proves filos\u00f2fiques de l'exist\u00e8ncia de D\u00e9u, incloses la prova cosmol\u00f2gica, la prova teleol\u00f2gica i la prova\u2026","rel":"","context":"A "Agnosticismo"","block_context":{"text":"Agnosticismo","link":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/category\/21-ontologismo-ateismo-y-agnosticismo\/agnosticismo\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Comentario de texto resuelto Kant","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790-e1745833789575.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790-e1745833789575.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790-e1745833789575.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790-e1745833789575.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790-e1745833789575.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790-e1745833789575.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2459"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2465,"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions\/2465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}