{"id":2633,"date":"2025-08-10T11:54:47","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T11:54:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/?p=2633"},"modified":"2025-10-11T08:14:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T08:14:07","slug":"resena-el-espiritu-de-la-esperanza-byung-chul-han","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/resena-el-espiritu-de-la-esperanza-byung-chul-han\/","title":{"rendered":"Ressenya de L&#039;esperit de l&#039;esperan\u00e7a de Byung Chul Han"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"yoast-breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/\">Portada<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span><a href=\"https:\/\/lapalabrarazonada.es\/ca\/category\/byung-chul-han\/\">Byung-Chul Han<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span class=\"breadcrumb_last\" aria-current=\"page\">Ressenya de L&#039;esperit de l&#039;esperan\u00e7a de Byung Chul Han<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introducci\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>L\u00b4esperit de l\u00b4esperan\u00e7a<\/strong> (Herder, 2024), Byung-Chul Han sorpr\u00e8n el lector en deixar de banda el seu habitual diagn\u00f2stic ombr\u00edvol del present per emprendre una reflexi\u00f3 sobre l&#039;esperan\u00e7a. Qui fins ara es distingia per les seves cr\u00edtiques a la \u201csocietat del rendiment\u201d o la \u201csocietat del cansament\u201d empr\u00e8n un \u201cviratge\u201d \u2013com ha assenyalat Pilar G\u00f3mez\u2013 en situar l&#039;esperan\u00e7a com a horitz\u00f3 de sentit i com a sortida d&#039;un jo encapsulat cap a nosaltres compartit. Han relata que, despr\u00e9s d&#039;una d\u00e8cada d&#039;assajos que denunciaven els mals del neoliberalisme, va descobrir la necessitat de reflexionar sobre all\u00f2 bell i, finalment, sobre l&#039;esperan\u00e7a, perqu\u00e8 el clima de por estesa a les nostres societats paralitza qualsevol possibilitat de futur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\ud83d\udcd6 L&#039;ESPERIT DE L&#039;ESPERAN\u00c7A de BYUNG-CHUL HAN\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KuMnOtCTcPs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un horitz\u00f3 que no \u00e9s optimisme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Per a Han, l&#039;esperan\u00e7a no es confon ni amb l&#039;optimisme ni amb la psicologia positiva. Mentre que l&#039;optimisme es posseeix com qui posseeix una qualitat personal i es mant\u00e9 a \u201cla pres\u00f3 del temps tancat\u201d, l&#039;esperan\u00e7a \u00e9s un moviment de recerca que ens permet escapar-se d&#039;aquest tancament. \u00c9s una orientaci\u00f3 al futur que accepta les negativitats de la vida i vincula les persones en comptes d&#039;a\u00efllar-les. Per aix\u00f2 Han recorri a Gabriel Marcel per resumir la seva tesi central: <em>\u201cPensant en nosaltres, he posat les meves esperances en tu\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El sud-core\u00e0 contraposa, a m\u00e9s, l&#039;esperan\u00e7a a la por. En un fragment publicat per <em>El Temps<\/em>, descriu l&#039;actual \u201csocietat de la superviv\u00e8ncia\u201d on la vida es redueix a passar d&#039;una crisi a una altra. Nom\u00e9s l&#039;esperan\u00e7a, diu, desplega un horitz\u00f3 de sentit capa\u00e7 de reanimar la vida. La por crea un ambient depressiu que alimenta el populisme i destrueix la democr\u00e0cia, mentre que l\u00b4esperan\u00e7a \u00e9s l\u00b4\u00fanica que ens posa en cam\u00ed i brinda sentit i orientaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di\u00e0leg amb altres pensadors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Com \u00e9s habitual als seus assajos, Han dialoga amb diferents autors. A <em>L\u00b4esperit de l\u00b4esperan\u00e7a<\/em> apareixen pensadors com Erich Fromm, Hannah Arendt i Spinoza, aix\u00ed com escriptors com Paul Celan, Kafka i Ingeborg Bachmann. Tot i aix\u00f2, el pensador que actua com a fil conductor \u00e9s V\u00e1clav Havel. L&#039;autor recupera la c\u00e8lebre definici\u00f3 d&#039;esperan\u00e7a com a certesa que alguna cosa t\u00e9 sentit \u201cal marge de com surti despr\u00e9s\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Des d\u00b4aquesta perspectiva, l\u00b4esperan\u00e7a no \u00e9s cega; brolla de la negativitat i \u00e9s inseparable de la desesperaci\u00f3. La tradici\u00f3 cristiana i els autors com sant Pau o Nietzsche subratllen aquesta dial\u00e8ctica: l&#039;esperan\u00e7a sorgeix de la nit i de la foscor. Roberto Rosino, a la seva ressenya per <em>Aceprensa<\/em>, destaca que l&#039;esperan\u00e7a proposada per Han es distingeix de l&#039;optimisme perqu\u00e8 neix de l&#039;experi\u00e8ncia i ens fa responsables de la nostra exist\u00e8ncia i de l&#039;esdevenir de les societats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cr\u00edtica al neoliberalisme ia la tecnologia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#039;assaig no abandona del tot la cr\u00edtica. L&#039;esperan\u00e7a per a Han no \u00e9s ing\u00e8nua; \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 una proposta pol\u00edtica. Denuncia que el neoliberalisme \u00e9s el \u201cr\u00e8gim de la por\u201d que debilita la comunitat, genera solitud i redueix la creativitat a variacions del mateix. Les xarxes socials substitueixen la relaci\u00f3 pel contacte i soscaven la cohesi\u00f3 social. El fil\u00f2sof tamb\u00e9 es distancia d\u201funa visi\u00f3 de l\u201fesperan\u00e7a redu\u00efda a la fe en el progr\u00e9s tecnol\u00f2gic. En la seva reflexi\u00f3, la tecnologia contribueix a modelar un futur buit basat en la innovaci\u00f3 constant i l&#039;efici\u00e8ncia, per\u00f2 sense sentit. La veritable esperan\u00e7a, argumenta, implica la capacitat d&#039;imaginar un m\u00f3n diferent que transcendeixi les l\u00f2giques de dominaci\u00f3 i explotaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En aquest punt, Han proposa una \u201cacci\u00f3 contemplativa\u201d: una esperan\u00e7a que no sigui una eina per assolir objectius concrets, sin\u00f3 una obertura a noves possibilitats basades en la reflexi\u00f3 i en la connexi\u00f3 amb all\u00f2 essencial. Aquesta invitaci\u00f3 a la contemplaci\u00f3 recorda que l\u201fesperan\u00e7a inclou una dimensi\u00f3 espiritual i transcendental que reconeix la finitud humana il\u201fobertura al misteri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Estructura i estil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>El llibre, de nom\u00e9s 150 p\u00e0gines, s&#039;organitza en quatre cap\u00edtols (\u201cPreludi\u201d, \u201cEsperan\u00e7a i acci\u00f3\u201d, \u201cEsperan\u00e7a i coneixement\u201d i \u201cEsperan\u00e7a com a forma de vida\u201d). La seva brevetat no implica superficialitat; Han escriu amb un estil sobri i reflexiu. Alterna les seves meditacions pr\u00f2pies amb cites d&#039;autors i fragments po\u00e8tics. El preludi diagnostica el clima apocal\u00edptic contemporani i proposa construir una \u201cpol\u00edtica de l&#039;esperan\u00e7a\u201d davant de la por i la depressi\u00f3 socials. Als cap\u00edtols seg\u00fcents exposa que l&#039;esperan\u00e7a \u00e9s un narrar; es diferencia del desig per la seva estructura narrativa i la seva capacitat d&#039;avivar la nostra atenci\u00f3 cap a all\u00f2 que encara no existeix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La secci\u00f3 sobre la relaci\u00f3 entre esperan\u00e7a i coneixement contraposa el car\u00e0cter retrospectiu del coneixement -que s&#039;orienta cap a all\u00f2 que ja s&#039;ha produ\u00eft- amb l&#039;orientaci\u00f3 al futur de l&#039;esperan\u00e7a. Han suggerit que la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial, que calcula i escull, no t\u00e9 esperan\u00e7a i, per tant, la capacitat d&#039;engendrar all\u00f2 radicalment nou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Valoraci\u00f3 final<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u00b4esperit de l\u00b4esperan\u00e7a<\/em> constitueix un gir esperan\u00e7ador en l&#039;obra de Byung-Chul Han. Sense renunciar a la cr\u00edtica, el fil\u00f2sof sud-core\u00e0 ofereix al lector un horitz\u00f3 que va m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del conformisme i de la por: l&#039;esperan\u00e7a com a moviment actiu, risc que ens emancipa de la mera superviv\u00e8ncia i ens convida a imaginar all\u00f2 in\u00e8dit. Davant l&#039;optimisme passiu que delega i paralitza, Han proposa una esperan\u00e7a que implica responsabilitat i maduresa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aquesta obra \u00e9s especialment rellevant per a docents, estudiants i qualsevol persona interessada a la filosofia pr\u00e0ctica. Com a professor de filosofia, descobrir\u00e0s un text que, encara que breu, obre un di\u00e0leg f\u00e8rtil amb la tradici\u00f3 cl\u00e0ssica i amb la realitat contempor\u00e0nia. Aporta claus per comprendre perqu\u00e8 avui m\u00e9s que mai necessitem cultivar l&#039;esperan\u00e7a com a virtut pol\u00edtica i espiritual. Lluny de la ingenu\u00eftat, l&#039;esperan\u00e7a es presenta com una for\u00e7a capa\u00e7 de reconstruir vincles i oferir sentit en temps d&#039;incertesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En resum, Han ens recorda que l&#039;esperan\u00e7a no \u00e9s un pron\u00f2stic, sin\u00f3 una disposici\u00f3 espiritual que ens orienta cap a all\u00f2 que \u00e9s vinent; que la veritable esperan\u00e7a neix del reconeixement de les nostres ombres i ens impulsa a caminar junts cap a un futur encara no pensat. \u00c9s un llibre que convida a ser llegit, meditat i compartit.<em>L\u00b4esperit de l\u00b4esperan\u00e7a<\/em> constitueix un gir esperan\u00e7ador en l&#039;obra de Byung-Chul Han. Sense renunciar a la cr\u00edtica, el fil\u00f2sof sud-core\u00e0 ofereix al lector un horitz\u00f3 que va m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del conformisme i de la por: l&#039;esperan\u00e7a com a moviment actiu, risc que ens emancipa de la mera superviv\u00e8ncia i ens convida a imaginar all\u00f2 in\u00e8dit. Davant l&#039;optimisme passiu que delega i paralitza, Han proposa una esperan\u00e7a que implica responsabilitat i maduresa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aquesta obra \u00e9s especialment rellevant per a docents, estudiants i qualsevol persona interessada a la filosofia pr\u00e0ctica. Com a professor de filosofia, descobrir\u00e0s un text que, encara que breu, obre un di\u00e0leg f\u00e8rtil amb la tradici\u00f3 cl\u00e0ssica i amb la realitat contempor\u00e0nia. Aporta claus per comprendre perqu\u00e8 avui m\u00e9s que mai necessitem cultivar l&#039;esperan\u00e7a com a virtut pol\u00edtica i espiritual. Lluny de la ingenu\u00eftat, l&#039;esperan\u00e7a es presenta com una for\u00e7a capa\u00e7 de reconstruir vincles i oferir sentit en temps d&#039;incertesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En resum, Han ens recorda que l&#039;esperan\u00e7a no \u00e9s un pron\u00f2stic, sin\u00f3 una disposici\u00f3 espiritual que ens orienta cap a all\u00f2 que \u00e9s vinent; que la veritable esperan\u00e7a neix del reconeixement de les nostres ombres i ens impulsa a caminar junts cap a un futur encara no pensat. \u00c9s un llibre que convida a ser llegit, meditat i compartit.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introducci\u00f3n En El esp\u00edritu de la esperanza (Herder, 2024), Byung\u2011Chul&nbsp;Han sorprende al lector al dejar de lado su habitual diagn\u00f3stico sombr\u00edo del presente para emprender una reflexi\u00f3n sobre la esperanza. Quien hasta ahora se distingu\u00eda por sus cr\u00edticas a la \u201csociedad del rendimiento\u201d o la \u201csociedad del cansancio\u201d emprende un \u201cviraje\u201d \u2014como ha se\u00f1alado Pilar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"iawp_total_views":95,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[437],"tags":[432,475,102,476],"class_list":["post-2633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-byung-chul-han","tag-byung-chul-han","tag-esperanza","tag-filosofia-contemporanea","tag-resena"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - 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Su an\u00e1lisis de la sociedad contempor\u00e1nea, marcado por una cr\u00edtica radical al neoliberalismo, la hipertransparencia y la autoexplotaci\u00f3n, ha calado hondo en el debate p\u00fablico y acad\u00e9mico. 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